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{"id":10258,"date":"2023-11-06T05:21:13","date_gmt":"2023-11-06T04:21:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/total-depannage.com\/basics-of-convolutional-neural-networks-understanding-filters-and-feature-maps-french\/"},"modified":"2023-11-06T05:21:13","modified_gmt":"2023-11-06T04:21:13","slug":"basics-of-convolutional-neural-networks-understanding-filters-and-feature-maps-french","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/total-depannage.com\/basics-of-convolutional-neural-networks-understanding-filters-and-feature-maps-french\/","title":{"rendered":"Basics of Convolutional Neural Networks: Understanding Filters and Feature Maps"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les r\u00e9seaux de neurones convolutifs (CNN) sont une technique populaire utilis\u00e9e dans la vision par ordinateur pour l’apprentissage supervis\u00e9. Ils sont couramment utilis\u00e9s dans des t\u00e2ches telles que la reconnaissance d’images, la d\u00e9tection d’objets et la segmentation s\u00e9mantique. Comprendre les filtres et les cartes de caract\u00e9ristiques est essentiel pour ma\u00eetriser les bases des CNN.<\/p>\n

Les filtres sont des matrices de valeurs num\u00e9riques utilis\u00e9es pour extraire des caract\u00e9ristiques sp\u00e9cifiques d’une image. Ils sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de petite taille, tels que des matrices carr\u00e9es 3×3 ou 5×5. Chaque filtre est appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 l’image initiale en utilisant une op\u00e9ration math\u00e9matique appel\u00e9e convolution. Lors de l’application du filtre, celui-ci est gliss\u00e9 sur l’image pixel par pixel, et \u00e0 chaque position, le produit scalaire entre les valeurs du filtre et les valeurs des pixels correspondants est calcul\u00e9. Cela permet de d\u00e9tecter des motifs et des caract\u00e9ristiques sp\u00e9cifiques dans l’image.<\/p>\n

Les cartes de caract\u00e9ristiques sont des matrices de valeurs qui repr\u00e9sentent l’activation des filtres \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes positions dans l’image. Chaque carte de caract\u00e9ristiques correspond \u00e0 un filtre sp\u00e9cifique et r\u00e9v\u00e8le les r\u00e9gions de l’image qui correspondent le mieux \u00e0 ce filtre. Par exemple, un filtre con\u00e7u pour d\u00e9tecter les bords horizontaux produira une carte de caract\u00e9ristiques mettant en \u00e9vidence les lignes horizontales dans l’image. Plusieurs cartes de caract\u00e9ristiques sont g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es pour capturer diff\u00e9rentes caract\u00e9ristiques spatiales de l’image.<\/p>\n

Pour construire un r\u00e9seau de neurones convolutif, il est n\u00e9cessaire de cr\u00e9er plusieurs couches de filtres et de cartes de caract\u00e9ristiques. Chaque couche successive prend en entr\u00e9e les cartes de caract\u00e9ristiques de la couche pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, ce qui permet d’apprendre des caract\u00e9ristiques de plus en plus complexes. Lors de l’apprentissage du r\u00e9seau, les poids des filtres sont ajust\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re it\u00e9rative afin de minimiser une fonction de perte, ce qui permet d’obtenir des filtres optimis\u00e9s pour la t\u00e2che donn\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

En plus de comprendre les bases des r\u00e9seaux de neurones convolutifs, il est \u00e9galement important d’avoir une bonne connaissance des syst\u00e8mes d’exploitation courants tels que Windows, Linux et Apple. De nombreux d\u00e9veloppements en vision par ordinateur se font sur ces plates-formes, et il est essentiel de savoir comment les utiliser efficacement. Voici quelques tutoriels et astuces utiles pour chaque plate-forme :<\/p>\n

Windows:
\n– \u00ab\u00a0Comment \u00e7a marche\u00a0\u00bb – Un site fran\u00e7ais complet proposant des tutoriels et astuces pour Windows.
\n– \u00ab\u00a0Astuces Pratiques\u00a0\u00bb – Une ressource riche en conseils et astuces pour optimiser les performances de Windows.<\/p>\n

Linux:
\n– \u00ab\u00a0Linux-France\u00a0\u00bb – Une communaut\u00e9 francophone d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 Linux avec des articles, tutoriels et forums.
\n– \u00ab\u00a0Linux Developpez\u00a0\u00bb – Une ressource compl\u00e8te pour les d\u00e9veloppeurs Linux, comprenant des articles et des tutoriels d\u00e9taill\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Apple:
\n– \u00ab\u00a0MacGeneration\u00a0\u00bb – Une source d’actualit\u00e9s, de tests et de tutoriels pour les utilisateurs d’Apple.
\n– \u00ab\u00a0Comment \u00e7a marche\u00a0\u00bb – Un site g\u00e9n\u00e9raliste offrant \u00e9galement des tutoriels et des astuces pour les produits Apple.<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, les r\u00e9seaux de neurones convolutifs sont une technique puissante pour la vision par ordinateur. Les filtres et les cartes de caract\u00e9ristiques sont au c\u0153ur de cette technique, permettant d’extraire des informations significatives des images. Comprendre ces concepts de base est essentiel pour exploiter tout le potentiel des CNN et pour r\u00e9ussir dans les t\u00e2ches de vision par ordinateur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les r\u00e9seaux de neurones convolutifs (CNN) sont une technique populaire utilis\u00e9e dans la vision par ordinateur pour l’apprentissage supervis\u00e9. Ils 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